高压水射流清洗设备异形喷嘴内部流场的性能研究

摘要

喷嘴是高压水射流清洗设备终端的重要执行元件，针对圆锥形和棱锥形两种不同结构形式的喷嘴，利用流体力学的计算方法对其高压水射流流场的压力、轴向速度、及孔口出口处的湍流动能进行了数值模拟分析，并对两种喷嘴进行了比较。结果表明，虽然棱锥形喷嘴具有较好的聚集流束的作用，但在同样流量的情况下，其内部流场的压力变化梯度较大，出口速度远大于圆锥形喷嘴，且出口湍流动能较大，流动稳定性弱于圆锥形喷嘴。%Nozzle is important actuator in the terminal of pressure water jet cleaning equipment. For the nozzles with cone and pyra-mid-shaped structures, this paper uses computational fluid dynamics method to conduct numerical simulation analysis of two noz-zles’ pressure, axial velocity and turbulent energy at the exit in the high-pressure water jet flow field. The results show that although the pyramidal nozzle is brought into good effect in the aggregation of the stream, in the case of the same flow, its pressure gradient inside flow field is larger and the exit velocity is much larger than the conical nozzle. The exit turbulent energy is larger and the flow stability is weaker than that of the conical nozzle.