'满+NP'与'全+NP'的突显差异及其隐喻模式

摘要

"满+NP"与"全+NP"存在细微的差别,在动态的语句环境下不宜互换.认知主体如果意欲突显事物的充溢性、个体的数量以及成员之间的同质性,就会选择容器隐喻,形式化为"满+NP";如果意欲突显事物的完整性、个体分布的范围以及成员之间的异质性,就会选择套件隐喻,形式化为"全+NP".言说者是主观夸张还是客观实陈,表达式是侧重描述还是侧重指称,可以反映认知主体的突显对象及相应的隐喻模式.统计表明,"满+NP"倾向于充当修饰语(定语/状语),存在谓语用法;"全+NP"倾向于充当主宾语,未发现谓语用法.这是"满+NP"与"全+NP"不宜互换的形式证明.%There are some subtle differences between the two constructions "man+NP" and "quan+NP", and they can not be substituted for each other in dynamic discourse environment. The cognitive subject tends to choose container metaphor to make it prominent in degree of filling, quanti-ty, and homogeneity, encoding as "man+NP". And the subject chooses set metaphor to make it prominent in integrality, range, and heterogeneity, encoding as "quan+NP'. The chosen pattern re-flects the subject's preferred prominence and metaphor, indicating whether (s)he intends to be exag-gerative or objective, to be depictive or referential. Statistical result shows that "man+NP" is apt to be as a modifier(attributive/adverbial) or a predicate, and "quan+NP" a subject or an object, which can attest to the irreplaceable feature between them.