不同表面活性剂对静电纺丝超细纳米纤维的性能影响

摘要

In order to study the effect of surfactant addition on solution properties and products, polystyrene ( PS ) ultrafine fibers were prepared by electrospinning method with polystyrene ( PS) as solute and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent.Ionic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic surfactant Tween 20 were added to the solution, and the effects of these two surfactants on the viscosity, surface tension, conductivity of solution, diameter and morphology of electrospun fabrics were researched.The results show that adding surfactants can effectively increase the conductivity of solution.The effect of ionic surfactants is far greater than that of nonionic surfactantns.PS/DMF solution with ionic surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the solution, which is propitious to produce thinner ultrafine fibers.Little effect on the viscosity of the solution is made by adding surfactants.In all, surfactants can effectively reduce the diameter of ultrafine fiber and inhibit the formation of "beads"structure in fiber products.%为了研究表面活性剂的加入对溶液特性及产物的影响,课题组以聚苯乙烯(PS)为溶质,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用静电纺丝方法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)超细纤维.在溶液中分别添加了离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和非离子型表面活性剂吐温20(Tween 20),研究这2种表面活性剂的加入对溶液黏度、表面张力、电导率及产物直径和形貌的影响.结果表明:在PS/DMF溶液中加入表面活性剂能够有效地增大溶液的电导率,离子型表面活性剂的作用远大于非离子型表面活性剂;PS/DMF溶液中加入离子型表面活性剂可降低溶液的表面张力,有利于产生直径更细的超细纤维;在PS/DMF溶液中加入表面活性剂对溶液的黏度影响不大.表面活性剂能够有效地减小超细纤维的直径,并抑制纤维产物中"串珠"结构的生成,可用于制备更小直径的超细纤维.