土司历史地理研究刍议--以西南地区土司地理为主的考察

摘要

As a special regional administration, Tusi jurisdiction in Chinese history attached importance to its relevant history and culture. The study of Tusi history and geography, one of the subject bases for“Tusiology, is an important link or landmark for deepening the study of Tusi. The formation of concentrations for Tusi has its own historical and geographical reasons;it is the critical node for solving the Tusi administrative and geographical problems to draw a right administrative division between Tusi and Zhengzhou region of central government. The study of eco-environmental change caused by“Gai Tu Gui Liu”policy in Tusi region should be differentiated because positive and negative of influence co-exist. The condition of graphing map for Tusi is not mature at present, but the trial of doing the job can be carried out in some areas where the studies of Tusi are relatively enough, which can provide some references to graphing map for Tusi history of the whole nation.%中国历史上的土司辖区作为一种特殊的地方政区，应该重视其有关历史地理问题。土司历史地理研究是“土司学”的学科基础之一，也是深化土司研究的重要环节和标志。西南土司密集地带的形成有其特有的历史地理背景；土司政区与中央正州（县）政区的边界划分、行政权限及其“飞地”问题与土司政区划定的背景与具体勘分过程是解决土司政区地理的关键难点。对“改土归流”造成的土司地区生态环境变迁的研究应该不同地区区别对待，负面影响与积极作用同时存在，不能一概而论。编绘全国土司历史地图条件目前尚不成熟，但可以先在区域土司研究相对成熟的地方进行试点，编制区域土司历史地图，为编绘全国性土司历史地图提供个案积累。