清代雍正朝官员问责与参劾制度研究

摘要

The period of Emperor Yongzheng lasted 13 years in which he carried out some reforms, perfected and strengthened supervision over the official management ,especially his accountability policy and impeachment of official violations of regulations and laws.There were different kinds of impeachment involving the provincial office,the prefectural office,other institutions or the officials themselves.This systematic accountability network in this period guaranteed the effective supervision over the administration of officials at all levels and ensured the smooth operation of the feudal govern-ment affairs.%雍正朝历经13年，在治理改革整顿的同时，也完善加强了对官员的管理监督，最主要的是完善了对官员违制违纪行为的问责与参劾。当时，参劾的方式多种多样，包括直省参劾、科道参劾、官员自参、其他机构的参劾等等。通过各种形式的参劾，在雍正朝形成了一个系统的问责体系，有效地监督了各级官员在行政过程中的失误与过错，保证了政务活动的顺利实行。