有学者认为春秋之《鲁论》“献”祭、秦代“磔狗御蛊”和“行到邦门”等几则史料，反映的是从春秋至秦时期的傩戏。笔者认真研读史料后发现：一是“献”不是“傩”；二是秦代“磔狗御蛊”和“行到邦门”两则文献均为温和的祭祀巫仪，不是以武力驱赶的巫仪，至少在先秦时期不属于傩戏范畴。由春秋而秦，驱鬼形态置换了方相傩形态，并成为秦之傩戏主要形态，其原因与王朝更替和秦之暴力有关，这一形态随着秦之灭亡而消解于后世(东汉)的大傩仪之中，成为后世傩仪的重要环节。%Some scholars think these historical documents such as offering ceremony in Qi -lu Culture during the Spring and Autumn period, killing the dog to prevent the poison in Qin Dynasty, are all about Nuo Opera from the Spring and Autumn period to the Qin Dynasty. But the study found that they were not about Nuo Opera. Offering ceremony was not to exorcise the ghost, killing the dogs to prevent the poison was just a mild scrificing ceremony. During the Qin Dynasty, exorcising the ghoast took the place of Nuo Opera and became the main parts of the later Nuo Opera ceremony.
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