南宁市邕宁区1995~2014年新发麻风病例的流行病学分析

摘要

目的：分析南宁市邕宁区基本消灭麻风病后20年新发现麻风病例的流行病学特征,探讨低流行状态下的疫情特征,为今后制定防治措施和策略提供科学依据,最终实现消除麻风病的目标。方法对1995~2014年邕宁区新发现的27例麻风病例的流行病学特征,包括患者性别、年龄、病型、传染来源、发现方式、家属发病情况、患者畸残情况及就诊情况等相关指标进行描述性分析。结果20年间共新发现麻风病27例。病例男女性别比为5.75∶1。平均发病年龄(47.93±17.29)岁,平均病期(41.59±37.81)个月,有14岁以下儿童1例；多菌型(MB)和少菌型(PB)之比为0.8∶1,总畸残率44.44%,发现方式以门诊被动发现为主。结论邕宁区麻风病基本消灭后,新病人没有得到早发现、早治疗,传染与流行未得到更好的控制。说明既往的一些防治措施在现阶段的效果发挥受到了一定程度的限制,从而提示了麻风防治力度的减弱,早发现、早治疗仍然是目前控制麻风病流行的根本措施。%Objective This article aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly detected leprosy cases in Yongning District of Nanning City 20 years after basic elimination of leprosy and to explore the characteristics of the epidemic situation in low epidemic state,so as to provide scientific evidences for formula-ting the prevention and control measures and strategies in the future,and finally reaching to the goal of elimi-nation of leprosy. Methods A descriptive analysis of epidemiological characteristics (including related inde-xes such as patients’gender,patients’age,disease type,source of infection,case finding way,family inci-dence,disability and visiting doctors,etc)was performed for 27 early detected leprosy cases in Yongning Dis-trict 1995~2014. Results A total of 27 new leprosy cases were detected out in 20 years.The sex ratio of male to female was 5.75∶1.The average age of disease onset was (47.93±17.29)years old;the mean disease duration was (41.59±37.81)months.One child aged less than 14 years.The ratio of multibacillary (MB)to paucibacillary (PB)was 0.8 ︰ 1.The total disability rate was 44.44%.Case finding majored in outpatient passive leprosy case. Conclusion After basic elimination of leprosy in Yongning district,new patients have not been detected early and treated early;infection and the epidemic were not better controlled.These indicated that some previous prevention and control measures were restricted to implement to a certain degree in the present stage and the weakening of prevention and control of leprosy.Early detection and early treatment is still a fundamental measure in control of leprosy epidemic in the present.