空间、失序与犯罪——西方环境犯罪学研究综述

摘要

Western Environmental criminology can be traced back to the important criminological work carried out between the two World Wars from within the Chicago School of Sociology.Wikstrom＇s study of police-recorded offences in Stockholm provides one of the best illustrations of the way in which such offences are locationally distributed in a major city.Felson,Clarke and Cohen et al.developed opportunity theory and routine activities theory to illustrate the relationship between crime and the environment.The western scholars also focused on the offenders＇ perceptions and use of space,the relationship between incivilities and crime and the ＂broken windows hypothesis＂,and they have achieved beneficial outcomes.%西方环境犯罪学研究可以追溯到两次世界大战之间在芝加哥社会学派内部进行的重要的犯罪学研究。威克斯卓姆对斯德哥尔摩警察记录犯罪进行了研究,很好地说明了犯罪在大城市的位置分布方式。费尔森、克拉克、科恩等发展了机会理论与日常活动理论来解释犯罪与环境的关系。西方学者亦研究了犯罪人对空间的看法与使用、不文明与犯罪的关系以及＂破窗户假说＂,得出了有益的结论。