市民阶层与德国向近代社会的宗教信仰转型

摘要

The Western Europe had seen a social transformation from the feudalism to capitalism during the period of 14th to 17th centuries, when the structure of feudal economy were tending to collapse while the capitalist production relations were growing rapidly. With the transformation of the economy and politics, great change also took place in western European culture, emerging such modernized transformations as Renaissance and Religious Reform. The religious reform carried out by Martin Luther and other citizens led to the modernization of the Germans ’religious belief. The Reform which was regarded as the beginning of the modern Germany laid a solid foundation to Germany’s modern politics, religion, society and culture. From then on, Germany was striding away from the medieval feudalism and heading towards a brand new society with modern political system, social system, economic system and cultural theory.%14至17世纪是西欧从封建社会向资本主义社会转型的时期，封建经济结构趋于瓦解，资本主义生产关系日益成长。随着社会经济与政治的急剧变革，西欧文化也发生了变革，出现了以文艺复兴和宗教改革为标志的近代化转型。以马丁？路德为代表的市民阶层进行的宗教改革使德国人民的宗教信仰完成了由传统向近代的转型，它奠定了德国近代社会政治的、宗教的、社会的和文化的基础，使德国远离了中世纪的封建时代，朝着近代的政治体制、社会体制、经济体制和近代文化伦理的方向大踏步迈进，是德国近代社会的开端。