天然气储罐泄漏扩散的影响因素及危害性

摘要

天然气储罐一旦发生泄漏后,会对人体及周围造成损害,以西安天然气厂作为对象,针对泄漏扩散、火灾爆炸主要的事故类型等,从分析影响天然气泄漏的因素出发,通过高斯烟羽模型和TNT当量法,计算天然气储罐一旦发生泄漏,产生的危害范围.研究认为参照天然气爆炸上下限以及人可接触浓度阈值三个值为分界点,距离泄漏源下风向313 m,甲烷浓度达到了对人体有害的阈值,距离泄漏源下风向135 m处,天然气浓度处于爆炸下限,以爆炸源为中心,距其440 m以内的范围属于死亡区.高斯烟雨模型极大程度的考虑了影响扩散的因素,TNT当量法是计算爆炸能量的通用方法,得到的计算具有很高的合理度,可作为气体泄漏扩散危害的计算工具.%Natural gas tanks once happen leakage,it will cause the damage to body and surroundings,In this paper,the nature gas plant will be the research object,aiming at the main types of events: leakage diffusion,fire explosion,starting from the analysis of factors affecting the leakage of the gas,using Gauss-ian plume model and TNT equivalent model to calculate hazard scope. Reference on gas explosion limit and concentration threshold people can contact,using those three values as demarcation point,methane concentration reaches the threshold people can contact at downwind 313 m from leakage source,gas con-centration reaches lower explosive limt at downwind 135 m from leakage source,centered on explosion source,there are all dead zone within 440 m. Gaussian plume model drastically considered the factors that influence the diffusion. TNT equivalent method is the general method of calculating explosive ener-gy,the calculation has a high reasonable degree,they can be used as a gas leak diffusion hazard calcula-tion tools.