自回归求和移动平均乘积季节模型在西安地区出生缺陷预测中的应用

摘要

目的 应用自回归求和移动平均(ARIMA)乘积季节模型预测西安市出生缺陷的发生率.方法 利用2009年10月至2015年8月出生缺陷监测数据对西安市出生缺陷发生率数据构建ARIMA乘积季节模型,同时利用2015年9月至12月实际出生缺陷发生率与模型拟合数据进行比较,评价模型的预测性能,并预测西安市2016年的出生缺陷发生率.结果 西安市出生缺陷的发生率具有一定的趋势及季节性,建立了ARIMA(0,0,1)(0,1,1)12乘积季节模型,利用201 5年9月至12月拟合值与实际出生缺陷发生率比较,绝对误差的平均9.5,相对误差的平均0.084,提示ARIMA(0,0,1)(0,1,1)12乘积季节模型具有较佳的预测能力.预测2016年西安市出生缺陷发生率与2015年接近,总体略有抬升,但峰值下降.结论 ARIMA(0,0,1)(0,1,1)12乘积季节模型可用于西安市出生缺陷发生率的预测.%Objective To predict the incidence of birth defects in Xi'an using the "auto-regressive integrated moving average product seasonal model".Methods In Xi'an,the trend of the incidence of birth defects was analyzed and tested from October 2009 to August 2015.Using the data from September to December 2015,the actual birth defects were compared with the model fitting data to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.Multiple seasonal ARIMA model was then fitted under time series to predict the incidence of birth defects in 2016.Results Seasonal effect was seen in the incidence of birth defects in Xi'an.A multiple seasonal ARIMA(0,0,1) (0,1,1)12 was established.The mean of absolute error and the relative error were 9.5 and 0.084,respectively,when compared to the simulated number of patients from September to December in 2015,suggesting that ARIMA (0,0,1) (0,1,1)12 has a better predictive ability.Results under the prediction of multiple seasonal ARIMA model showed that the number of patients in 2016 was similar to that of 2015 in Xi'an,with a slight increase and a decrease in the peak value.Conclusion Multiple seasonal ARIMA(0,0,1)(0,1,1)12 model could be used to successfully predict the incidence of birth defects in Xi'an.