“既”的语法化

摘要

＂Ji＂ originally is a verb meaning ＂finish, be over＂, and it gradually changes into an adverb of time meaning ＂soon, already, essentially＂. In the end, it transforms to a confined adverb, being equal to ＂thorough, whole＂. ＂Ji＂ changes from a time adverb of ＂already＂ to a coordinate conjunction meaning having two different conditions and the reason conjunction representing the precondition of deduction. The change of syntactic position and the language context is the main cause for the grammaticalization of ＂Ji＂.%“既”最初是表示“完、尽”义的动词，后来逐渐语法化为时间副词，相当于“不久、已经、本来”等，并进一步语法化为范围副词，相当于“完全、全部”。“既”由“已经”义的时间副词又进一步语法化为并列连词和原因连词，作并列连词表示两种情况兼而有之，作原因连词表示推论的前提。句法位置和语言环境的变化是“既”发生语法化的重要原因。