略论司马迁的隐逸观--兼及太史公与班固隐逸观的差异

摘要

Ban Gu had criticized that Sima Qian retired hermits and praised treacherous hero. The behavior of “retiring her⁃mits” did not refer to that Sima Qian repelled hermits, but was the reflection of different hermit concept between Sima Qian and Ban Gu. Sima Qian was cautious about the earliest happening of ancient hermit phenomenon. He praised the hermits’ ambition and re⁃spected the hermits but did not advocate the hermitage behavior, which was different from the Ban Gu’ s concept of respecting and advocating hermits. These features were not only related with the method of Sima Qian’ s processing historical data and writing tech⁃niques, but also depended on the author’ s aggressive outlook on life.%班固曾批评司马迁“退处士而进奸雄”。“退处士”并非指司马迁排斥隐士，而是司马迁、班固两人不同隐逸观的反映。司马迁对于古代隐逸现象的最早发生持谨慎态度，他褒扬隐士的志节，尊重隐士但不崇尚归隐行为，与班固的既尊隐又崇隐不同。这些特点跟时代风气、司马迁处理史料的方法以及写作手法有关，更取决于作者积极进取的人生观。