二维波流共线作用下全直接法床面切应力测量仪设计研究

摘要

文章研究了完全直接测量二维波浪和水流共线作用时床面切应力仪的设计和制作。该仪器将传统的应变仪与精细压力仪结合，采用侧向水动压力和测力板两侧不同水头压力差直接测量方法，解决了既往应变式测量仪难以将切应力与侧向作用力分离的技术难题。经过静力测试和水槽试验验证表明，仪器精度良好，性能稳定，可用于不同粗糙度底床的切应力测量。%The current study aimed at the design and making of measuring instrument of whole direct method for bed shear stress under two⁃dimensional water⁃flow collinear action. The instrument combined the traditional strain gauge with precise pressure gauge,and adopted direct measuring method of the difference between lateral hy⁃drodynamic pressure and differing head pressure on both sides of force plate. As a result,such an instrument solved a technical puzzle of the past strain gauge,i.e.,it is difficult to set apart shear stress and lateral force. Static force test and sink test both proved that the instrument is precise,stable and applicable to shear stress measurement of rough bed of various types.