空间网壳结构主动抗震控制试验研究

摘要

The large spatial reticulated structures belong to vibration and defect sensitivity structures,the thickness of them is far less than its span size,and the slenderness ratio of the rods is generally great.Therefore,vibrations will be easily produced under dynamic loading actions,and dynamic failure accidents will be caused.The modern structural vibration control theory and its engineering application method provide a strong support for solving the dynamic failure problems of the large spatial reticulated structures under seismic and dynamic load action.The active control based on modern control theory,using the new intelligent materials,can make the functions of self-perception,self-discrimination,self-diagnosis and self-control together and realize the adaptive control of the structure,which may be one of the main development directions of the future structural vibration control.The application of the piezoelectric smart material in structural vibration control is researched through the shaking table test for active seismic control simulation of the spatial reticulated shell model structure.The results show that the piezoelectric actuators optimally arranged can effectively decrease the earthquake responses of the structure,so it is a good active control method.%由于大跨空间结构的厚度远小于其跨度尺寸,且杆件的长细比一般较大,因此属于振动和缺陷敏感结构,在动力荷载作用下很容易产生振动,从而引起动力破坏。现代结构振动控制理论及其工程应用方法为解决大跨网壳结构在地震等动力荷载作用下的动力破坏问题提供了有力支撑。基于现代控制理论的主动控制方法,运用新型智能材料,集自感知、自判别、自诊断、自控制等于一体,可实现结构的自适应控制,是结构振动控制未来发展的主要方向之一。通过对一空间网壳模型结构进行主动抗震控制模拟地震振动台试验,研究了压电类智能材料在结构振动控制中的应用。试验表明,通过优化布置的压电作动器的位置能够有效地减小结构的地震反应,是一种较好的主动控制方法。