理解期望效用视角的私家车停车收费定价模型

摘要

Determining the rate of parking fee reasonably is an important way to control the rate of private car travel and optimize the urban traffic structure. From the perspective of traveler's utility of private car, considering the understanding expectation utility and transportation mode choice, using the Logit model of transportation mode share and satisfactory rate function of private car travelers to establish the pricing model, through which parking fees can be accepted by travelers and can inhibit the private car travel maximally, which can provide basis for pricing reasonably. In order to verify the reliability of the model, take Xi’an city as an example to calculate the reasonable parking price. The studies indicate that, threshold of the parking price rate determined by the model is the optimal rate of private car travel, when the parking price is 15 yuan per hour, the maximum expectation utility of private car travelers is almost constant, and the regulation effects of parking price is the best.%合理确定停车收费费率是控制私家车出行分担率、优化城市交通结构的重要途径，从私家车出行者效用角度，将私家车出行者理解期望效用与交通方式选择相结合，运用交通方式分担离散Logit模型和私家车出行者满意度函数，建立私家车出行者可接受且能最大限度发挥停车费对私家车出行抑制作用的私家车停车收费定价模型，为停车费合理定价提供决策依据。为验证模型的可靠性，以西安市停车收费定价为实证测算。研究发现，基于私家车出行者理解期望效用的停车收费定价模型确定的停车收费费率阈值是调控私家车出行分担率的最佳停车费费率，当西安市停车收费费率为15元时，私家车出行者的最大期望效用几乎恒定，此时停车收费对私家车出行的调控效果最佳。