手性有机多孔材料在多相不对称催化中的应用研究进展

摘要

Porous organic polymers ( POPs) have become one of a frontier of the research in recent years . POPs include amorphous ( eg CMP, HCP, PIM, etc.) and crystalline ( eg COFs etc.) porous organic poly-mers.Due to their inherent porosity , large specific surface area , light weight and easy functionalization at the molecular level , POPs have recently received significant attention for potential applications in gas storage /sep-aration, organic photoelectric, sensoring and heterogeneous catalysis .Here, this review focuses on recent ad-vances of Chiral POPs in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis .Currently , the research on the application of Chiral POPs for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis is classified into two sections: a ) "bottom-up"embed-ding chiral metal-ligand catalyst into POPs for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis; b) "bottom -up"em-bedding chiral organocatalyst into POPs for heterogeneous asymmetric organocatalyst .Benefiting from its struc-tural superiority , these functional POPs exhibit excellent catalytic activity .%近年来，有机多孔材料成为研究的前沿和热点领域之一。有机多孔材料POPs （ Porous Organic Polymers）包括非晶型有机多孔材料（比如CMP，HCP，PIM等）和晶型有机多孔材料（比如COFs等）。由于其具有优异的孔性质、较大的比表面积、稳定性好、重量轻以及易与功能化等诸多优点，有机多孔材料被广泛应用于气体存储分离、传感、有机光电和多相催化等重要领域。伴随着均相催化尤其是不对称催化的巨大发展，将有机多孔材料与手性催化剂结合起来构建手性有机多孔材料，并将其应用于多相不对称催化的研究越来越受到重视。目前，关于手性有机多孔材料在多相不对称催化领域应用的研究工作主要有两类：一类是通过“bottom－up”策略将手性配体－金属类催化剂嵌入有机多孔材料骨架来构建多相催化剂；一类是通过“bottom－up”策略将不含金属的（ metal－free）手性小分子催化剂嵌入材料骨架来构建手性有机多孔催化剂。由于有机多孔材料特殊的优越性，这些功能化的孔材料在多相不对称催化中表现出优异的催化性能。