社会团体法人制度：从“官”到“公”--日本公益法人制度改革对我国社会团体管理制度之意义

摘要

日本的旧公益法人制度在理念及制度上与我国现行社会团体管理制度极为相似，而其改革背景亦与我国当下公益性社会团体所面临的诸多现实问题有着共通之处，因此其公益法人制度改革可以为我国社会团体管理制度的完善提供参考与借鉴。根据日本的改革经验，在修改《社会团体登记管理条例》之时，应该着力于放宽社会团体登记限制、建立健全社会团体法人制度以及废除业务主管单位制度等举措，从而完成社会团体法人制度从“官”到“公”的转变。%Theoretically and institutionally, Japanese former public corporation system was similar to China’s regulation and administration on social organizations. Its reform background also share some commons with the practical problems of our public social organizations. Therefore, the reform of public corporation in Japan can provide valuable references for Chinese management system of social organizations. According to Japanese experiences, this article recommends that the restrictions on the registration of social organizations should be relaxed, the legal person system of social organizations should be well established, and the current competent authority system should be abolished while the“Regulations on the Registration and Administration of Social Organizations”are under revision. In this way, our institutions of social organization are expected to be transferred from“bureaucratic”to“public”.