社区心理学产生的历史背景与思想基础

摘要

社区心理学的产生有其独特的社会历史背景和深刻的思想基础。20世纪五六十年代，美国激进的社会政治气候以及美国社会所爆发的民权运动、女权运动、精神病患者的去机构化等社会变革运动为社区心理学的产生提供了丰富的土壤。实用主义、库恩的范式论与女权主义等哲学思想为社区心理学的发展提供了深刻的思想基础。心理学研究中的个体主义及其困境、勒温的团体动力学与行动研究、临床心理学以及社区心理健康等则从心理学内部直接促进了社区心理学的产生和发展。%Community psychology formed under unique socio-historical background and has profound ideological basis. During the 1950s and 1960s, radical social and political environment in America as well as some social reforming movements, such as the Civil Rights Movement, the Feminist Movement and the deinstitutionalization of mental illness provided a “breeding ground” for the development of community psychology.Philosophical thought such as pragmatism, Kuhn's Paradigm Theory and Feminismhas offered a profound foundation for the development of community psychology.The Individualism and dilemma in psychological study, Lewin's group dynamics and action research, Clinical psychology and community mental health directly contributed to the formation and development of community psychology from the internal psychology perspective.