多伦温德模型产生于美国精神病—流行病学的背景之下，作为社区心理学的“概念地图”，它以时间为轴，通过压力生活事件及其诱发因素、短时压力反应及其调节变量、生活压力事件的三种不同后果三大理论模块，成功地将生活压力事件对人产生影响的过程以及影响因素概念化、模型化，呈现出生态学视角、干预的时间维度和预防优先原则三大特点。多伦温德模型不仅为社区心理卫生干预清楚地标识出了不同的时间节点和路径，也为中国当前社区心理卫生工作的开展提供了有益的指导，包括：从生态学视角出发，在特定的地理区位、文化情境、政策环境等构成的“社区空间”范围内系统考察各类社区心理问题；充分认识心理问题的动态性和发展性，把握好不同的“时间节点”，有针对性地开展心理卫生预防和干预工作；充分认识心理预防的价值和意义，将社区心理卫生工作的重点放在“事先”和“病前”，以弥补传统事后补救性干预所导致的心理健康服务功能上的缺失和跛足；建立和遵循优先开展初级预防、重点开展强化性干预、及时开展危机干预、辅助开展矫正性干预的基本原则。%Dorainwind model was developed in a psychiatric-epidemiological context in America. As a“conceptual road map” of community psychology, following a time dimension, Dohrenwend successfully provided a conceptual model of the process and specific mediators whereby stressful life events induce different psychological influences on people through three theoretical modules:stressful life events and its precipitating factors, transient stress reaction and its mediators and three categories of outcomes of stressful life events, and showed three major characteristics:ecological perspective, the time dimension of intervention and prevention first. Dorainwind model not only clearly identifies different time nodes and paths for community mental health intervention, but also provides a useful guide for the current community mental health work in China, includes:Investigating all kinds of community mental problems systematically, that is, researches should be based on an ecological perspective and be located in a“community space”which is constituted by specific geographical location, cultural context and policy environment;Be full aware of the dynamics and developments of mental problems, take a good grasp of the different “time nodes”in order to carry out targeted mental health prevention and intervention; Pay full attention to the value and significance of mental prevention and focus community mental health work on the intervention“in advance”or“before disease”so as to make up for the functional deficiencies and lameness of mental health services caused by the traditional remedial intervention;Establish and follow the basic principles of taking primary prevention as priority, taking strengthen intervention as main focus, providing crisis intervention in time, and providing adjuvant intervention for corrective therapies.
展开▼
