火星中继应答机技术现状及发展

摘要

Mars relay technology is becoming more and more mature since Mars Global Surveyor injection and providing data relay service.It is widely used to provide navigation and Tracking,Telemetry and Command (TT&C) for Mars Entry,Descent and Landing (EDL) and to assure telemetry,command and huge volume science data transfer in Mars surface exploration.It has been taken as an important part of Mars exploration by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA).The basic composition and working state together with the successful experience and achievements of NASA and ESA are introduced.The focuses are shown on the specifications of Mars relay radio equipments on Mars orbiter and lander.The follow-up of this technology is introduced to provide reference to further research in China Mars exploration.%火星中继已作为火星探测重要组成部分,被美国NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration,国家航空航天局)和ESA(European Space Agency,欧空局)广泛应用于火星EDL(Entry,Descent andLanding,进入、下降和着陆)以及火星表面探测中.针对该情况,介绍了火星中继系统的组成和工作情况.结合NASA和ESA火星探测的成功经验和成果,重点对火星轨道器和着陆器的中继应答机的性能进行了梳理和分析,并对该技术的后续发展进行了展望.基于此,可为我国自主火星探测提供借鉴和参考.