不同灌溉和施肥水平对东尼罗河三角洲地区甜菜产量、品质及部分水分指标的影响

摘要

2008～2009、2009～2010年分别在埃及El-Sharkia省Zankalon研究站进行不同灌溉和氮肥水平对甜菜产量、品质及水分指标影响试验.采用裂区设计,分别设3个灌溉处理即Ⅰ1(60％田间持水量)、Ⅰ2(80％田间持水量)和Ⅰ3(100％田间持水量)和3个施肥处理即N1(50 kg N/fed)、N2(70 kg N/fed)和N3(90 kg N/fed).灌水处理Ⅰ1甜菜块根和糖产量最高、根径最大,其次为处理Ⅰ2,处理Ⅰ3最低.随着灌溉水平提高,甜菜块根长和蔗糖含量明显下降.当施用90kg N/fed氮肥,甜菜根长、根径、块根和糖产量明显提高,但糖分则有所降低.灌溉和施氮肥处理均对蔗糖纯度没有明显影响.3个灌溉处理Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2和Ⅰ3水分利用量分别为3579.7、3042.0和2504.0 m2/fed,季节耗水量分别为58.12、52.06和47.29 cm,而甜菜块根产量、糖产量水分利用率分别为15.86、13.78、13.35 kg块根/m3水和2.73、2.61 and 2.56 kg糖/m3水.随着施氮水平提高,获得一定甜菜根产量和糖产量,所需实际耗水量和水分利用率也不断提高.在东尼罗河三角洲地区甜菜平均季节作物系数为0.87.可在东尼罗河三角洲地区推荐使用Kc经验值来计算耗水量.%[Objective ]Two field experiments were conducted during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 seasons at Zankalon Research Station,El-Sharkia Governorate,Egypt to study the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizers on sugar beet yield,quality and some water relations.[ Method ]Experiments were conducted in split plot design with four replicates using three irrigation ( Ⅰ1.Ⅰ2 and Ⅰ3 with 60,80 and 100% of field capacity,respectively) and three N fertilizer (N1,N2 and N3 with 50,70 and 90 kg N/fed,respectively) treatments.[Result]The treatment Ⅰ1 achieved the highest root,sugar yield and root diameter,followed by Ⅰ2,while treatment Ⅰ3 recorded the lowest values.On the other hand,root length and sucrose % significantly decreased with increasing irrigation levels.Increasing N fertilizer up to 90kg N/fed (N3) increased root length,root diameter,and root and sugar yield significantly,while decreased sucrose %.The results showed that both the irrigation and N fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on purity %.The amounts of applied water in three treatments was recorded as 3579.7,3042.0 and 2504.0 m2/fed,respectively,and the seasonal water consumptive use values were recorded as 58.12,52.06 and 47.29 cm,respectively.Water use efficiencies (WUE) for root yield were calculated as 15.86,13.78 and 13.35 kg roots/m3 water,while they were 2.73,2.61 and 2.56 kg sugar/m3 water for sugar yield,for treatment Ⅰ1,Ⅰ2 and Ⅰ3,respectively.Increasing N fertilization level increased actual water consumpfive use and WUE for root and sugar yields.Average seasonal crop coefficient value of 0.87 was obtained for sugar beet crop grown at East Delta region.[Conclusion]It may be recommended to use the empirical values of Kc in order to calculate consumptive use at East Delta region.