30年生杉木半同胞子代遗传特性测定及优良家系和单株选择

摘要

[目的]分析30年生杉木半同胞子代试验林的遗传特性,为杉木高效培育和优良种质筛选提供参考依据.[方法]测定融安县西山林场30年生杉木半同胞子代试验林102个家系和对照的胸径、树高和材积,分析其遗传变异规律,并选择遗传增益较高的优良家系和单株.[结果]30年生杉木半同胞子代人工林的树高、胸径和材积在家系间存在显著差异(P<0.05),3个生长因子在参试家系中的表型变异最大值分别为14.4%、21.3%和40.2%,广义遗传力均值分别为0.594、0.657和0.650.树高、胸径和材积大于对照均值的家系总数分别占参试家系总数的48.0%、44.1%和46.1%.综合增益大于对照均值30.0%的20个家系的树高、胸径和材积遗传增益变幅分别为9.33%~25.30%、12.54%~53.42%和66.23%~164.74%;综合增益大于对照均值80.0%的38个优良单株的树高、胸径和材积均值分别达20.8 m、32.9 cm和0.597 m3.[结论]30年生杉木半同胞子代试验林生长量均受中等偏上的遗传控制,大部分优良性状可传递给子代,选择的20个优良家系和38个优良单株可作为广西杉木高世代种子园营建和多世代遗传改良材料.%[Objective]Genetic characteristics of 30-year-old Chinese fir half-sib progeny were analyzed to provide reference for high efficient cultivation of Chinese fir and selection of elite germplasm.[Method]Taking 30-year-old Chi-nese fir half-sib progeny test forest planted in Xishan Forest Farm of Rong'an as the test subject,breast diameter,plant height and wood volume of 102 families were measured and analyzed,superior families and individuals with high genetic gain were also selected.[Result]There were significant difference in breast diameter,plant height and wood volume of 30-year-old Chinese fir half-sib progeny test forest among various families(P<0.05).The maximum phenotypic variation of plant height,breast diameter and wood volume in the tested families were 14.4%,21.3% and 40.2% respectively.Broad sense heritability of plant height,breast diameter and wood volume of Chinese fir were 0.594,0.657 and 0.650 respective-ly.The families whose plant height,breast diameter and wood volume were higher than the control accounted for 48.0%, 44.1% and 46.1% in the families tested.For the 20 families whose overall gain was 30.0% higher than the control,their ge-netic variation range of plant height,breast diameter and wood volume was 9.33%-25.30%,12.54%-53.42% and 66.23%-164.74% respectively.For the 38 superior individuals whose overall gain was 80.0% higher than the control,the average values of plant height,breast diameter and wood volume were 20.8 m,32.9 cm and 0.597 m3respectively.[Conclusion]Growth of 30-year-old Chinese fir were all controlled by inheritance above average.Most fine traits can be passed on to offspring.The selected 20 superior families and 38 superior individuals can be used as materials for the construction of high generation seed orchard of Chinese fir in Guangxi and genetic improvement of multiple generations.