目的 研发既能有效抵抗爆炸载荷破坏,又具有自身质量轻、装拆方便的作战防护装备器材.方法 将白料和黑料混合后将其倒入装有泡沫铝试件的密闭容器中进行发泡,打磨以后得到了聚氨酯泡沫铝的48个试件并分成四组,应用霍普金森装置设计了0.3 MPa、0.4 MPa、0.6 MPa三种气压的动态冲击实验.结果 经过对48个试件进行动力学测试,得到了三种应变率下的σ-ε曲线.经过转绘,得到了吸能曲线和理想吸能效率曲线.通过对吸能曲线和理想吸能效率曲线进行分析,得到材料的能量吸收特性.结论 通过对材料吸能曲线的分析,表明在0.025～0.25内,其理想吸能效率基本保持在0.5～0.9水平,应变在0.1附近时,其吸能效率最高.即泡沫铝填充高分子泡沫材料聚氨酯后,其吸能特性有了很大程度的改善,证实了这种两相复合材料在抗冲击、吸能方面的优越性.%In order to effectively improve person and facilities safety to subsist, strengthen the protection ability and military tactics of the battlefield personel in the protection buildings, it is necessary to seek protection equipments with high detonation-load resistance, light weight, and assembling and dismantling convenience.In this paper, we prepared the polyurethane foam aluminum composites by in-situ polymerization of polyurethane in a sealed vessel containing foam aluminum. The dynamic tests were designed at three air pressures of 0. 3 MPa,0. 4 MPa,and 0. 6 MPa,after classifying 48 specimens into four groups. The results were obtained that the σ-ε curves of all the samples were at three strain rates after the dynamic tests. Thereafter, we plotted energy-absorption curves and calculated energy-absorption efficiency of these specimens. It was found that the ideal energy absorption efficiency of the polyurethane foam aluminum composites maintains in a range of 0. 5-0. 9 when the strain is in the range from 0. 025 to 0. 25 ;when the strain is up to 0. 1 ,the absorption energy efficiency of composites reaches to the maximum. It can be concluded that these polyurethane foam aluminum composites exhibit good energy absorption properties, showing superiority over their components in the aspects of impact resistance and absorption energy properties.
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