China is not only one of the world′s four major ancient civilizations,but also the main birthplace of civilization in the world. So the migration change research of Chinese cities during the period of history has im-portant practical value in the research of the urban historical geography. This paper is based on the theories such as the science of ancient capital,historical geography and physical geography. Combining Chinese histori-cal geography with the climate environment,the paper analyzes the spatial distribution pattern,the migration path and the reason for migration change of capitals in different periods from the macro perspectives of time and space. And for the first time,the paper divides the distribution change of the main capitals during the period of Chinese history into three stages:①frequent migration around the Sanhe area;②fluctuation migration along the axis from east to south;③offshore migration along the axis from north to east. The research conclusion not only makes the macro spatial distribution pattern and its migration causes problems of ancient capital during the historical period of China become more clear,but also has important reference value and practical significance for making current city development strategies.%中国不仅是世界四大文明古国之一，也是世界上最主要的都市文明发祥地之一，因而历史时期中国都市的分布变迁问题在城市历史地理的研究中具有重要的实际价值。以古都学、历史地理学和自然地理学等的学科内容作为理论基础，在宏观的时间、空间视阈下，将中国历史地理环境与气候环境相结合，分析了不同时期都城的空间分布格局、迁移轨迹、变迁原因等问题，并将中国历史时期主要都城的分布变迁划分为：①围绕三河地区的频繁迁移；②沿东西轴线的波动迁移；③沿南北轴线的近海迁移。
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