从应县木塔秘藏看辽代西京地区雕版印刷业的兴盛原因

摘要

The finding of the Buddhism enshrinement in the wooden pagoda of Yingxian County provides convincing real object proof for the research of the block printing in the Liao Dynasty. The reasons why the block printing industry was so prosperous in Xi ing District in the Liao Dynasty can be summarized as the following five aspects:a. Xijing (as present Datong) was once the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty as well as the temporary capital of the Liao Dynasty which possessed profound culture; b. In the Liao Dynasty, the national policy of respecting and worshipping the Confucianism was put into practice, and the cultural education was highly promoted;c. From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Liao Dynasty, people all believed in Buddhism, and the block printing of the Buddhist Scriptures were very populous; d. In the Xi Jing District, the economy was relatively developed with well-strung agriculture and animal husbandry and handicraft industry; e. The convenient transportation and the dense population in the Xi Jing District facilitated the circulation of the books. All these factors contribute to the developed block printing industry in the Xi Jing district in the Liao dynasty, and lay a solid foundation for the block printing industry moving towards prosperity, as well as exert great contribution to the amalgamation and the development of the Chinese multi-culture.%应县木塔辽代秘藏的发现，给辽代雕版印刷研究提供了有力的实物证据。归纳辽代西京地区雕版业兴盛的原因，主要有五个方面：一是西京大同曾是北魏国都和辽代行都，文化传统深厚；二是辽代推行尊孔崇儒国策，大力发展文化教育；三是北魏至辽代信奉佛教，佛经刻印盛行；四是西京地区农牧业和手工业发达，经济相对发达；五是西京地区交通便利，人口密集，便于书籍流通。以上因素造就了辽代西京地区发达的雕版印刷业，为金元雕版业走向繁荣打下了坚实基础，也为中华多元文化的融合和发展做出了贡献。