作为修辞的历史--论渡也的咏史诗

摘要

从话语修辞的视角看，渡也的咏史诗可以分为三大类：转喻型咏史诗、隐喻型咏史诗和反讽型咏史诗。转喻型咏史诗可以分为深层隐喻性转喻型和表层隐喻性转喻型。前者是转喻在表层话语中占支配地位，深层原型与表层叙事形成了隐喻关系；后者是部分诗节或意象凸显出来，获得了相对的独立性，与诗歌形成隐喻关系。隐喻型咏史诗包括比兴式隐喻型和拟人式隐喻型。反讽与隐喻话语都具有双重意义，但隐喻注重的是两层意义的统一，反讽看重的是双重意义之间的对立。渡也创造反讽诗歌的方式很多，有言语反讽、语调反讽、结构反讽和戏拟反讽等。诗歌修辞的目的在于意义建构，渡也以多种话语修辞创造了丰富的意义空间。%From the perspective of discourse rhetoric,the history commenting poems by Mr. Duye are to be divided into the fo11owing three categories:the metonymic,the metaphoric,and the ironic. The met-onymic is further to be divided into the deep metaphorica11y metonymic and the surface metaphorica11y metonymic. Within the former,metonymy is dominant in the surface discourse,and the deep archetype and the surface narration come into a re1ationship of metaphor;whi1e,within the 1atter,certain stanzas or images are high1ighted and gain a re1ative independence,and come into a re1ationship of metaphor with the poem. The metaphoric consists of the ana1ogica11y metaphoric and the personified metaphoric. The discourse of irony and that of metaphor both bear their dua1 meaning respective1y,but,whi1e metaphor emphasizes the unity of its two-fo1d meaning,irony 1ays stress upon the antagonism between its two 1ay-ers of meaning. A 1ot of methods are emp1oyed by Duye in writing poems of irony,such as that of paro1e, of par1ance,of structure,and of parody. For,poetic rhetoric aims at meaning construction,so Duye has created a wea1th of meaning by making use of many sorts of discourse rhetoric.