天然气管道水平定向钻穿越事故及其后果分析

摘要

水平定向钻穿越施工以其导向准确、施工周期短、综合成本低等众多优点,越来越多地被应用于天然气管道工程.本文运用故障树分析方法,对天然气管道水平定向钻穿越施工中存在的导向孔质量不合格、预扩孔失败、管道回拖失败、地面塌陷、环境污染、人员伤亡等事故及其后果进行了识别和分析,辨识出天然气管道水平定向钻穿越事故及其后果的二十一个主要影响因素,把其归纳为施工事故和管理事故两大类,并提出相应控制措施将定向钻穿越事故及其后果降低至最低水平,在天然气管道水平定向钻穿越的安全施工方面具有重要的工程应用价值和现实意义.%Horizontal directional drilling has been widely and frequently applying in the natural gas pipeline project for there's many advantages such as accurate guide, short construction period and low integrated cost, etc. Here we used fault tree analysis method to identify and analyse risks and the corresponding results in construction such as unqualified pilot hole, pre-reaming failure, pipe failure back to the trailer, ground subsidence, environmental pollution, casualties etc. Eleven major hazards have been identified and summarized into two categories:construction and management accident. Furthermore, we proposed appropriate control measures to reduce the risk and effect to an acceptable level, which is significant important in application for the safety construction of horizontal directional drilling atural gas pipeline.