Geotropik-Center of Tropical Geoengineering;
Faculty of Civil Engineering;
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia;
Skudai;
81310;
Malaysia;
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering;
Amirkabir University of Technology;
Tehran;
15914;
Iran;
Environmental & Green Technology Department;
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology;
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia;
Kuala Lumpur;
Malaysia;
School of Mining and Geosciences;
Nazarbayev University;
Nur-Sultan;
010000;
Kazakhstan;
Tunnel; boring; machines; (TBMs); Advance; rate; Hybrid; optimization; techniques; Particle; swarm; optimization; (PSO); Imperialist; competitive; algorithm; (ICA);