The shortage of water resources is a key factor limiting the sustainable development of the economy and society in Beijing. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing's water conservation services (WCS) based on the water balance equation at multiple scales, including city, main functional areas and key districts and counties, determined the differences in the water conservation amount among different land cover types and investigated the reasons for the spatiotemporal differences in the water conservation amount. The results indicated that: (1) compared to 2005, water conservation amount increased substantially in 2010. However, the overall water conservation capacity was low. (2) Among the various land cover types in Beijing, the average water conservation capacity decreased in the following order: wetland, forest, grassland, cropland, bare land and artificial surface. (3) The average water conservation amount in the main functional areas of Beijing varied substantially and was positive only in the ecological conservation area (ECA). (4) The water conservation capacity of each district and county varied substantially within ECA, among which the contribution of the forest in Miyun District, Huairou District and Pinggu District was the highest. The changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing's WCS were the synthetic effects of changes in the land covers and meteorological conditions. This study is helpful in achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources in Beijing.%水资源短缺是制约北京市经济社会可持续发展的关键因素.本研究基于水量平衡方程从市域、主体功能区、重点区县的多个尺度分析北京市水源涵养服务的时空格局,明确北京市不同土地覆被类型的水源涵养量差异,探究水源涵养量时空格局差异的原因.结果表明:(1)与2005年相比,2010年北京市水源涵养量明显增加,但是总体上水源涵养能力较低;(2)北京市各土地覆被类型中,湿地、林地、草地、耕地、裸地、人工表面的平均水源涵养能力依次降低;(3)北京市各主体功能区的平均水源涵养量差异较大,只有生态涵养发展区的平均水源涵养量为正值;(4)北京市生态涵养发展区内各区县的水源涵养功能也存在明显差异,密云区、怀柔区、平谷区的森林水源涵养贡献率最高.北京市水源涵养的时空格局变化是地表覆被和气象条件变化综合影响的结果.本研究对于实现北京市水资源的可持续利用具有重要的借鉴意义.
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