基于地理探测器的乡村旅游化空间分异及其影响因素研究：以野三坡旅游区为例

摘要

乡村旅游化是旅游景区周边乡村聚落功能向旅游服务转变的过程。受同一景区带动，景区周边不同乡村聚落旅游化程度存在空间差异。不少学者已经对此类村落的演变过程、空间分布特征进行了研究，并采用定性分析方法对空间差异影响要素进行了初步分析。然而，目前定量分析方法较少，不能有力说明影响要素与空间差异现象之间的关系。基于此，本文以野三坡旅游区周边56个乡村聚落为例，结合实地考察、GIS 分析及地理探测器模型，对乡村旅游化空间分异及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明，距离区域主要入口的远近，景区游客规模及游客逗留时长，距离核心景区的远近是影响村落旅游化程度差异的主要因素；距离河流的远近，高程，距离主要道路的远近以及坡度对村落旅游化程度差异的解释力较弱，但是当他们与其他因素交互时，可以增强其他因素所起的作用；距离区域主入口越近，村落的旅游化程度越高；同样地，村落所处景区游客规模越大、游客逗留时间越长、距离核心景区越近，村落的旅游化程度越高。该研究对于有序引导旅游地乡村聚落的发展，实现旅游地可持续具有重要作用。%Tourism has emerged as a major driving force in the growth and expansion of rural settlements. After several studies revealed spatial differentiation of touristization among rural settlements, studies were conducted to explain this phenomenon. However, most of these studies explained spatial differentiation of rural touristization in a qualitative way. More robust and detailed quantitative results are needed to evaluate the relative roles of different factors. In this study, which takes Yesanpo tourism as a case study, the Geo-detector method was introduced to evaluate determining factors of rural touristization. Results show that “distance to core entry”, “tourist number and sojourn time”, and “distance to the nearest scenic area” have had a strong effect on the rural touristization in Ye-sanpo, whereas “distance to river”, “elevation”, “distance to main road”, and “slope” have had a weak influence. The latter did, however, contribute a lot to touristization when interacting with “distance to core entry”, “tourist number and sojourn time”, and “distance to the nearest scenic”, indicating the importance of these four factors. Higher rural touristization occurred in the zone near the core entry, with many tourists, long sojourn times, and proximity to the scenic area.