哈尼梯田农业文化遗产价值分析及保护模式探索

摘要

Agri-cultural Heritage Systems (AHS) have not only various values but also important enlightening roles for modern agriculture.With agro-scientific and technological progress, the traditional agriculture that has lasted for thousands of years is declining gradually, thus is attached the importance of exploring and protecting our AHS. As a traditional agricultural system for 1300 years, the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHRTS) has many signifi-cant characteristics such as beautiful landscapes, distinctive rice varieties, ecologicaly clean agricultural production systems, systematic methods of managing water and soil and special ethnic culture. It was designated successively as a Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in 2010 and as a World Heritage (WH) in 2013. In this paper, taking HHRTS as an example, we analyzed the economic, ecological, aesthetic, cultural, and social values, as wel as the research values, of the GIAHS. We conclude that the restrictions on increasing peasant earnings and improving their living standards are difficult with the low efficiency of traditional planting patterns and the sin-gle-industry structure of farming in rugged terrain. However, these restrictive factors are beneficial for developing some industries like green agriculture, organic agriculture or ecological food production because of the clean farmland environment. In the end, we propose the basic approaches to protect the Hani terraces agriculture system should include the local governments to encourage the development of ecotourism, organic agriculture and fea-turing agriculture by multi-mode economic compensation. It is very important for protecting terraces to coordinate benefits among corporations, governments and vilagers by making reasonable policies of compensation.%农业文化遗产具有多种重要价值，对现代农业发展有重要的启示作用，然而，随着科学技术不断进步，延续几千年的传统农业濒临消失，因此农业文化遗产发掘与保护越来越受到重视。本文以哈尼梯田为典型案例，总结出哈尼梯田农业文化遗产具有经济价值、生态价值、美学价值、文化价值、科研价值和社会价值等多重价值。分析得出，哈尼梯田低效的传统种植方式、单一的产业结构和崎岖的地形制约了农民收入提高和生活水平改善，是导致劳动力外流的根源问题。但是，从另一方面看，这些限制却又使其具有发展诸如绿色农业、有机农业和生态农业品加工的优势。通过多模式的经济补偿方式，鼓励发展生态旅游、推广有机农业和特色农业，以产业发展促进哈尼梯田的保护是根本的保护途径。