近年来，中国内地升学竞争低龄化、两极化成为人们热议的话题。话题背后，是优质教育资源稀缺的社会现实。然而，在这一现实背后更值得关注的，是初等教育中存在的软硬件设施配备差距扩大、优质教育资源对部分群体的排斥以及优质教育机会在社会阶层间流动不足等社会问题。通过与香港特区初等教育政策的比较，归纳两地政策存在的异同点，并进一步从教育机会排斥的视角探索在以保障教育机会公平享有为目的的义务教育制度背景下，不同层次的教育机会何以在拥有不同政治、经济、社会地位群体中趋于固化，并提出政策建议。%In recent years, the polarization of entering-school competition at younger age has become a hot topic. Behind the topic exists the social reality that education resources of high quality are scarce. However, the more noteworthy things are the widening gap between hardware and software facilities of primary education, the exclusion to some groups in sharing high-quality educational resources, as well as insufficient mobility of high-quality educational opportunities between social classes and other social issues. This paper compares Hong Kong primary education policy with it in Mainland China, summarizing the similarities and differences of both to policy systems. Then it further explores from the perspective of exclusion that how education opportunities of different levels tend to solidify within groups characterized with relatively higher political, economic and social status, which is generally under the compulsory education system, which is designed to guarantee equitable access to educational opportunities. Recommendations are also conducted.
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