贵州“里民人”7项群体遗传学特征研究

摘要

目的：了解里民人部分遗传性状的分布特征。方法：在知情情况下采用整群随机抽样方法，对贵州关岭县610名里民人（男性300人，女性310人）的发质、达尔文结节、门齿类型、唇厚、下颏类型、通贯纹和指甲类型7项人类学特征进行形态学观察。结果：里民人硬发质、达尔文结节、铲形门齿、厚唇、下颏前突、通贯纹、长形指甲出现率分别为54.4％、53.1％、91.3％、69.8％、43.3％、11.1％、60.7％。其中，男性分别为60.7％、60.0％、93.0％、76.0％、47.3％、19.3％、54.0％，女性分别为48.4％、46.5％、89.7％、63.9％、39.4％、3.2％、67.1％。除门齿类型外，其他6项遗传特征分布存在性别差异（P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01）。发质与门齿类型、唇厚、下颏类型，以及指甲类型与达尔文结节、门齿类型、下颏类型、通贯纹之间具有遗传关联性（P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01）。结论：里民人7项遗传特征的性别分布存在一定差异，且特征间遗传关联性较小。%Objective:To understand the distribution features of some genetic characteristics of Limin people. Methods:With the informed consent,a morphological survey was carried out on 610 randomized peo-ple of the Limin (male 300,female 310)living in Guanling County,Guizhou to observe the seven genetic characteristics (hair matter,Darwinian point,lingual incisor type,thickness of lip,chin type,simian line, fingernail type). Results:The frequencies of the hard hair,Darwinian point,shoveling of lingual incisor, thick lip,projecting chin,simian line,and long -shaped fingernail in the Limin were 54.4%,53.1%, 91.3%,69.8%,43.3%,11.1%,and 60.7% respectively. Those in males were 60.7%,60.0%, 93.0%,76.0%,47.3%,19.3%,54.0%,and in females were 48.4%,46.5%,89.7%,63.9%, 39.4%,3.2%,67.1% respectively. There were significant gender differences in hair matter,Darwinian point,thickness of lip,chin type,simian line and fingernail type except the lingual incisor type (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Correlations were found between hair matter and shoveling of lingual incisor,hair matter and thickness of lip,hair matter and chin type,Darwinian point and fingernail,lingual incisor type and fingernail, chin type and fingernail, simian line and fingernail type respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ).Conclusion:There are gender differences in the seven genetic characteristics of the Limin people in Guizhou,and these characteristics show few correlations.