纤维蛋白胶/博来霉素栓塞硬化治疗面颈部血管畸形彩色多普勒超声研究

摘要

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the embolism and sclerotherapy of fibrin glue combined with bleomycin (FG/BLM) for the treatment of cervicofacial vascular malformations by color doppler ultrasound.Methods:10 patients with venous malformation(VM) and 10 patients with arterio-venous malformation(AVM) were included.All patients underwent embolism and sclerotherapy of FG/BLM guided by ultrasound.Color doppler ultrasound was used to record the real-time two-dimensional ultrasonography and color doppler image.The flow and distribution of FG/BLM after injection into the lesions were observed.Results:Two-dimensional ultrasonography showed clumps or flake strong echo after immediate injection of FG/BLM into the cavity of VMs,then floated in the abnormal venous lumen and diffused throughout the cavity.At the later stage the lesions were filled by a large number of flocculent and netted low echo,and patchy strong echo.The volume of VMs cavity expanded dramaticlly,and the blood flow signal was significantly decreased.After injection of FG/BLM into the lumen of AVMs,clumps or flake strong echo were observed,then most of the snowflake strong echo rapidly filled or scattered along with blood stream to the distal part of the vessels.The color doppler showed significantly decrease of blood flow signal.Conclusion:FG/BLM injection can embolize and block the draining vein of VM,and play a role on the storage of sclerozing agent.FG/BLM injection can embolize both the dilated blood vessels and capillary network of AVM.%目的:通过多普勒超声探索纤维蛋白胶复合搏来霉素(FG/BLM)栓塞硬化面颈部血管畸形的作用机制.方法:纳入面颈部静脉畸形(VM)、动静脉畸形(AVM)患者各10例.在超声引导下进行FG/BLM栓塞硬化治疗,彩色多普勒超声记录FG/BLM注射到病变瘤(管)腔后的实时二维声像图及彩色血流变化,判断药物注射后的流向及范围.结果:二维声像图可见FG/BLM注射到VM瘤腔后即刻注射物瞬间呈团状或片状强回声,随后漂浮于畸形静脉腔内并弥散到瘤腔各处.后期可见病变区被大量絮状及网状低回声伴斑片状强回声充填,瘤腔体积显著膨胀,彩色血流显示病变区内血流信号明显减少.注射到AVM管腔后注射物瞬间呈团状或片状强回声,随后可见雪花状强回声大部分随血流快速充填或散落到注射血管腔的远端,后期病变区周边被大量蜂窝状中等回声及斑片状强回声充填,病变区彩色血流显著减少.结论:FG/BLM注射到VM瘤腔后对回流静脉有栓塞、阻断作用,对注射到瘤腔的硬化剂有贮存作用.FG/BLM注射不仅能够栓塞硬化局限性AVM的扩张血管,还能够栓塞其毛细血管网.