施氮模式对冬小麦/夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响

摘要

Under the field experiment condition, effects of different nitrogen application patterns on yields of wheat and maize and nitrogen use efficiency were studied during 2007 -2009. There were six treatments including no fertilizer (CK), convention fertilizer (CON), organic complex fertilizer (OMF), controlled release fertilizer (CRF),controlled loss fertilizer (CLF) and changing basic fertilizer and topdressing regimes (CBT). There were the same amounts of nitrogen (N) application with 250 kg/ha in wheat season and 200 kg/ha in maize season in each fertilizer treatment. The results show that the dry matter accumulation and grain yields are significantly increased with all the treatments, comparing the CK, including CON, OMF, CRF, CLF and CBT. The grain yields of winter wheat are in the order: CRF ＞ CLF ＞ OMF ＞ CBT ＞ CON, which are between 107.5％ and 147.4％; those of summer maize: CRF＞ CLF ＞OMF＞ CON ＞ CBT, and range from 28.5％ to 56.1％. Compared with CON, N partial factor productivity and N agronomic efficiency of winter wheat are increased observably by 2.2 -5.1 kg/kg under the OMF, CLF and CRF treatments, and by 3.6 -7.6 kg/kg for summer maize. But the CBT treatment is represented differently, it could increase in winter wheat and decrease in summer maize. In conclusion, compared with the control and conventional treatments, the OMF, CRF and CLF treatments could increase grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and could be taken as fertilizer types by spread and application. The CBT treatment is more appropriate N application pattern for winter wheat, while is not appropriate for summer maize in the study region.%采用大田试验,在小麦季N 250 kg/hm2和玉米季N 200 kg/hm2氮肥供应条件下,连续2个年度(2007～2009)观测了不同施氮模式对冬小麦/夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,常规施肥、有机无机复合肥、控释复合肥、控失复合肥以及改变氮肥基追配比处理均显著提高冬小麦/夏玉米子粒产量和干物质积累量,小麦季各处理产量大小依次为控释复合肥>控失复合肥>有机无机复合肥>改变氮肥基追配比>常规施肥,提高幅度在107.5%～147.4%;玉米季各处理产量大小依次为:控释复合肥>控失复合肥>有机无机复合肥>常规施肥>改变氮肥基追配比,提高幅度在28.5%～56.1%.与常规施肥处理比较,控释复合肥、控失复合肥和有机无机复合肥处理冬小麦氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率冬小麦提高2.2～5.1 kg/kg,夏玉米提高3.6～7.6 kg/kg;但改变基追配比处理在小麦季高于常规处理,在玉米季则低于当地常规施肥处理.从产量和氮肥利用率方面综合分析,有机无机复合肥、控释复合肥、控失复合肥均可作为适宜研究区域推广的肥料品种,而改变基追配比处理相对较适宜冬小麦季.