棉花间作模式中作物养分竞争吸收和积累动态的研究

摘要

本研究通过田间试验研究了棉花和豆科作物、蔬菜作物间作后种间相互作用对氮磷钾等养分积累动态的影响,旨在为新疆棉花为主的间作体系的发展提供科学依据.试验设置花生、大豆、鹰嘴豆、洋葱、萝卜、线辣椒与棉花间作及相应各个作物单作的田间试验,分析了间作作物氮磷钾养分吸收的积累动态相对于单作作物的变化.结果表明,棉花和大豆以及棉花和萝卜共生期间,棉花对养分的竞争能力(CRcc1)弱于大豆和萝卜(CRcc1 ＜1),表现为大豆和萝卜生长及养分吸收积累处于优势地位,棉花处于不利地位；棉花和辣椒、花生、洋葱共生期间,棉花对养分的竞争能力强于辣椒(CRcc1＞1),表现为棉花生长和养分吸收积累处于优势地位,辣椒、花生、洋葱处于不利地位；棉花和鹰嘴豆共生的前一阶段,棉花对的养分竞争能力弱于鹰嘴豆(CRcc1＜1),但到鹰嘴豆收获前,棉花对养分的竞争能力则强于鹰嘴豆(CRcc1＞1),表现为棉花生长处于优势地位,鹰嘴豆处于不利地位.棉花/花生、棉花/洋葱、棉花/辣椒和棉花/萝卜间作体系具有明显的间作优势,并且对棉花产量没有不利影响,适合当地生产应用.%There is some competition on arable areas between planting cotton and food crops in Xinjiang recently. An alternative approach is to intercrop cotton and food crops or vegetable crops on the same field simultaneously. The objective of the study was to find out some proper combination of crops and cotton based on nutrient competitive absorption and accumulation. A field experiment was conducted in Shihezi University, Xinjiang to investigate the effects of intercropping patterns on temporal patterns of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and accumulation by interspecific competition and interspecific facilitation between intercropped species. Cropping patterns included peanut/cotton, soybean/cotton, chickpea/cotton, onion/cotton, radish/cotton, line chilli/cotton intercropping and corresponding sole cropping systems. Results showed that soybean and radish were dominant species, and cotton was subordinated species, in which the N, P and K nutrient competitive ratios of cotton relative to soybean or radish were always less than one during co-growth of two species in the cotton/soybean and cotton/ radish intercropping systems. The cotton is dominant species, and onion or line chilli were subordinanted species in the intercropping, in which the N, P and K nutrient competitive ratios of cotton relative to peanuts, onion or line chilli were all greater than one during co-growth of two species. The N, P and K nutrient competitive ratios of cotton relative to chickpea were less than one at early co-growth stage of two species, and were greater than one at later co-growth stage, which suggested that chickpea was dominant species at early co-growth stage, but became to be subordinated one at later co-growth stage in the intercropping. There were intercropping advantages for cotton/ peanut, cotton/onion, cotton/radish and cotton/line chilli intercropping, which are suitable for local agricultural production.