我国海洋行政管理体制及其改革--兼论海洋行政主管部门的机构性质

摘要

In 2013 ,the marine integrated management was reflected in the State Council institution re‐form scheme ,w hich had been appealed for many years in academia .But it is a difficult process to put theo‐ry into practice .The main difficulty is that we do not realize the real nature of marine administrative sys‐tem .The biggest difference between the marine administration and other administration of functional de‐partments is that the former is managed by the standard of regional division ,and the latter by the standard of functional division .One way to resolve the problem is to re‐understand the nature of the marine admin‐istrative department ,and decide its status as a local government rather than a functional department .%学界呼吁多年的海洋综合管理在2013年的国务院机构改革方案中得到体现。但是在将理论转化为实践的过程中面临重重困难，这一改革历程也备受关注。产生困难的核心因素之一在于我们对海洋行政主管部门的机构性质认知存在偏差。海洋行政管理与其他职能管理的最大区别在于前者是按照地域标准划分的管理，而后者是按照职能标准划分的管理。因此，产生职能交叉和权责不清在所难免。化解的途径之一就是重新认识海洋行政主管部门的机构性质，将其定位为一级地方政府而非职能部门，将海洋局改设为“海洋特别区政府”。