中老年住院患者冠心病健康素养与健康服务利用的关系研究

摘要

目的：探讨中老年住院患者冠心病健康素养与健康服务利用的关系。方法2014年9月－2015年5月，采用整群抽样法对新疆乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院的冠心病患者进行调查，将其中符合纳入标准的414例患者作为研究对象，发放冠心病健康素养量表和一般状况量表。采用单因素分析冠心病健康素养与健康服务利用的关系，采用多重线性回归模型分析冠心病健康素养的影响因素。结果（1）冠心病患者平均年龄为（61．65±10．60）岁，冠心病健康素养平均得分（76．10±30．41）分，处于较低水平。单因素分析显示：不同年龄、性别、族别、教育水平、曾经从事职业、婚姻状况、家庭人口数、子女数、家庭平均月收入的冠心病健康素养评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）；健康教育和距离上次体检时间在冠心病健康素养得分上差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）。（2）多重线性回归分析显示：民族、文化程度、曾经或现在的职业、健康教育、距离上次体检时间是冠心病健康素养的独立影响因素。结论冠心病健康素养对健康服务利用有一定影响，应通过健康教育提高冠心病患者的健康素养水平。采取相应措施使冠心病患者更易获得和利用健康服务，从而促进健康，改善生活质量。%Objective To assess the relationship between health literacy among the?middle-aged and elderly hos-pitalized patients with coronary heart disease and their health service utilization.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to recruit 414 patients with coronary heart disease in a 3A grade hospital of Urumq city from September 2014 to May 2015.All the participants were reviewed for coronary heart disease health literacy scale and individual traits questionnaire.ANOVA was used to analyze the relationship between health literacy of coronary heart disease with health service utilization,multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of health litera-cy of coronary heart disease.Results Their average age among studied patients was (61.65±10.60)years.Their av-erage health literacy of coronary heart disease score was (76.10±30.41),which gave priority to the low level.Uni-variate analysis showed that the health literacy scores was significantly different between age,gender,nationality, education level,occupation,marital status,family population,children number,household income (P < 0.05 ). There were significant difference in health educations and time form the last physical examination (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that the nationality,education level,former or current occupation,health educa-tions,time form the last physical examinations were the major independent factors affecting health literacy of coro-nary heart disease.Conclusion The health literacy of coronary heart disease is related to their health service utiliza-tion.It is needed to improve the health literacy for patients with coronary heart disease through education and thus increase the scope and utilization rate of available health services.