上海某高校女大学生乳房自我检查行为及影响因素调查分析

摘要

目的 了解上海市女大学生乳房自我检查行为的现状以及相关因素.方法 笔者于2014年12月一2015年3月在上海市某高校文理工医4类学科中方便抽样各选1个学院,每个学院中系统抽样,对478名女大学生开展问卷调查.调查问卷自行设计,包括一般资料、乳腺癌预防知识、态度信心、乳房自查行为.采取逐步Logis-tic回归分析乳房自查行为的影响因素.结果 445名女大学生乳腺癌预防知识、态度信心问卷的平均得分分别为(46.48±6.13)、(62.69±7.20)分.实施乳房自查、规律乳房自查(每个月至少一次)、总是规范自查的人数分别是89人(20％)、11人(2.5％)、9(2.0％).向前逐步Logistic分析发现专业背景(OR=6.618,95％CI[3.448,12.701])、学历(OR=2.204,95％CI[1.218,3.987])、乳癌疾病史(OR=12.003,95％CI[2.292,62.866])、乳腺癌预防态度和信心(OR=1.116,95％CI[1.073,1.160])是进行乳房自查的预测因素.结论 尽管上海市高校女大学生对乳腺癌预防的知识和重要性有一定的认识,但乳房自查行为、特别是规律、正确的乳房自查行为比率很低.今后的健康促进项目需要考虑人群的学历和专业背景,采取更有效的手段提高乳腺癌预防信心和能力.%Objective To investigate the current situation and related influencing factors of breast self-examination (BSE) among female university students in Shanghai.Methods A total number of 478 participants from four different majors of Arts,science,engineering and medicine were selected for questionnaire investigation by using convenience sampling and systematic sampling within the four departments in a university in Shanghai from December 2014 to March 2015.The questionnaire was designed to include general information,knowledge of breast cancer prevention,attitude,confidence,and breast self-examination.Stepwise Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of breast self-examination.Results 445 female students were finally enrolled in the study.The scores for knowledge and attitude of breast cancer prevention were (46.48 ± 6.13) and (62.69 ± 7.20.89) respectively.The number of breast self examination,regular breast self-examination (at least once a month),and always standardized self-examination were 89 (20％),11 (2.5％) and 9 (2％) respectively.Forward stepwise Logistic analysis showed that the professional background (OR=6.618,95％CI,[3.448,12.701]) (OR=2.204,95％CI[1.218,or 3.987]),breast cancer disease history (OR=12.003,95 ％CI[2.292,62.866]),breast cancer prevention attitude and confidence (OR =1.116 95 ％ CI,[1.073,1.160]) is a predictor of BSE.Conclusion Female university students demonstrated rather low rates of BSE practice,especially concerning the regular BSE,despite basic understanding in the knowledge and importance of breast cancer prevention.Futher study aiming to promote the BSE practice among female university students are needed with more emphasis on attitudes and confidence towards breast cancer prevention.