采用微区和大田对比试验方法，设置直播和移栽两种栽培方式，研究养分管理对寒地直播稻生育进程、分蘖动态、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明，直播稻比移栽稻成熟期延迟4~5 d，能够安全成熟。优化施肥使直播稻提早成熟2~3 d；分蘖成穗率提高5.4个百分点；抽穗后物质同化量提高12.7%（P<0.05）；对籽粒产量的同化贡献率增加3.3个百分点；产量提高7.2%（P<0.05）。大田试验中优化施肥的直播稻比习惯施肥的移栽稻抽穗后20 d-成熟期穗干重提高57.6%（P<0.01）；抽穗后物质同化量提高25.6%（P<0.01）；对籽粒产量的同化贡献率增加9.4个百分点（P<0.05）；产量提高8.1%（P<0.05）。%Microplot and field comparision experiments with direct-seeded and transplanted rice were conducted to study the effects of nutrient management on growth, til ering dynamic, dry matter accumulation and yield of direct-seeded rice in cold area. Results showed that the maturity stage of direct-seeded rice was only 4-5 d later than that of transplanted rice, indicating that direct-seeded rice can mature safely as trans-planted rice. Optimized fertilization advanced the maturity stage of direct-seeded rice by 2-3 d, increased ear-bearing til er rate by 5.4 percentage points, increased post-heading stored assimilate accumulation by 12.7%(P<0.05), improved contribution of post-heading stored assimilate to grain yield by 3.3 percentage points, and therefore increased rice yield by 7.2%(P<0.05). In field comparision experiment,compared to transplant-ed rice with conventional fertilization, direct-seeded rice with optimized fertilization showed the fol owing ef-fects:ear dry weight from 20 d after heading to maturity increased by 57.6%(P<0.01), post-heading stored assimilate accumulation increased by 25.6%(P<0.01), contribution of post-heading stored assimilate to grain yield increased by 9.4 percentage points (P<0.05), and yield increased by 8.1%(P<0.05).
展开▼
