利用工业发酵产生的黑曲霉废弃菌丝体为吸附剂，研究其对重金属模拟废水中铅的吸附效果。运用单因素试验确定吸附条件为30℃，pH 5.0，初始铅离子浓度50 mg·L-1，吸附剂投加量2 g·L-1，转速160 r·min-1，吸附时间为30 min，吸附率为91.5%，吸附行为符合Freundlich方程。正交试验极差分析表明，影响吸附主要因素为吸附剂投加量、初始Pb2+浓度和pH。经正交试验优化，当吸附剂投加量为2 g·L-1，初始铅离子浓度40 mg·L-1， pH 4.5时，吸附率可提高2.7%。电镜结果显示，菌丝体表面疏松多孔，极易通过物理吸附方式吸附Pb2+，菌丝体表面氨基、羧基、磷酸基和羟基可有效配位络合Pb2+。结果表明，废弃菌丝体可用作吸附剂去除废水中Pb2+。%This study is to investigate performance of mycelium waste absorbent from industrial fermentation on heavy metal ions adsorption in aqueous. The optimum condition of single factor experiments was determined at temperature of 30 ℃, pH 5.0, the initial Pb2+ concentration of 50 mg·L-1, absorbent dosage of 2 g·L-1, rotation speed of 160 r·min-1, adsorption time of 30 min, and absorption rate was 91.5%. Analysis of variance revealed that absorbent dosage initial Pb2+concentration and pH significantly affected the adsorption. Under absorption condition optimized by orthogonal experiment of 2 g·L-1 absorbent dosage pH 4.5, 40 mg·L-1 initial Pb2+concentration, adsorption rate increased 2.7%. Physical adsorption occurred easily on the loose and porous surface of mycelium, active groups, such as amino, carboxyl, phosphate and hydroxyl group participated absorption by complexation with Pb2+. This study identified that mycelium waste could be used as adsorbent to remove Pb2+from waste water.
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