School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering;
Northeast Agricultural University;
Harbin 150030;
China;
Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources;
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;
Harbin 150030;
China;
School of Arts and Science;
Northeast Agricultural University;
Harbin 150030;
China;
rice; dry direct seeding; water consumption; water use efficiency; planting model;