Conventional no-till seeders should cut or remove crop straw and residue,when in operation and thus present a number of problems,including high performance requirements for the cutting component,high power consumption,dust raising and interference from intertwined straw.In view of this,in this study,a driving roller dibbling-type no-till seeding and hole-forming(DGR-NT-SHF)system was designed to be capable of penetrating soil and creating holes without requiring any special preparation of the surface covering.The core mechanism of this system consisted of a land wheel-driven driving roller and a duckbill-type roller seeder,which were internally tangent to one another.The rotating roller rolled the straw into a thin layer,and the duckbills extended from the roller and penetrated this thin layer of straw and subsequently formed the holes and planted the seeds.Based on kinematic analysis,a mathematical model was established to depict the relations between the rear angle of the duckbill(α),the front angle of the duckbill(β),the angular velocity of the duckbill-type roller seeder(ω0),the angular velocity of the roller(ω1),and the aperture of the duckbill outlet on the roller(θ).In contrast to a driven roller-type no-till seeding and hole-forming DNR-NT-SHF system,several parameters of the DGR-NT-SHF system were established for planting seeds at a plant spacing that was an integral multiple of 100 mm:the radius of the duckbill-type roller seeder,200 mm;radius of the roller,400 mm;α,23°;andβ,5°.Based on the analysis of the models using the MATLAB Image Processing Module with a relation betweenω1 and the number of outlets on the roller as the constraint,the optimal number of outlets on the roller and theω1/ω0 ratio were determined to be 21 and 4/7,respectively.Kinematic simulation on a digital prototype was performed using computer aided three-dimensional interactive application(CATIA)to observe the motion of the DGR-NT-SHF system,when the duckbills on the duckbill-type roller seeder were open and to determine the locations of the duckbills relative to the outlets.To ensure the duckbills could be successfully opened,the chord length of the outlets was ultimately determined to be 71 mm.The prototype test results showed that the DGR-NT-SHF system met the design requirements and that the operation was straightforward and reliable.In addition,compared to the DNR-NT-SHF system,the DGR-NT-SHF system performed better in penetration and exerted no impact on the duckbills,thus providing an effective technical option for no-till seeding.
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