As a new kind of analytical instrument,the principles,types and characters of biosensors were discussed in this paper.A biosensor is usually composed of a recognition element of biological origin and a physicochemical transducer.The biological element is capable of sensing the presence,activity or concentration of a chemical analyse in solution.The sensing takes place either as a binding event or a biocatalytical event.These interactions produce a measurable change in a solution property,in which the transducer is converted into a quantifiable electrical signal.The principles,types and applications of biosensors in environmental inspection,food production,clinical medicine and military defense were reviewed,and the trends in research were predicated.Furthermore,an attempt had been made to describe the future development directions and prospects.
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