齐如山视域中的京剧起源

摘要

对于当下热议中的＂京剧学＂的建构而言,京剧的起源是个绕不开的问题,但这一问题在当下的戏曲史学界仍然众说纷纭、莫衷一是。在这个问题上,齐如山提出了独特的看法,他大胆推测西皮与二簧均起源于陕西南部汉中一带,西皮与二簧的合奏最早实现在陕西的皮影戏中。他提出此说的证据有二：一是经过间接的田野调查后,认为二簧产生于陕西南部兴安府东边一带;二是经过深入比较陕西皮影戏与早期京剧的表演风格和舞台特点后,认为西皮腔最早产生于皮影戏,西皮与二簧的合奏最早实现在皮影戏中。由于种种原因,齐如山此说至今没有引起戏曲史家们的注意。%About building beijing opera theory,it was important where Beijing opera had come from.However,Until now,the consensus among Beijing opera historians is not reached yet.On this issue,Qi Ru-shan had brought forward his unique views.He thought that Xipi and Erhuang came from Hanzhong area of south Shanxi,and Xipi and Erhuang would play together in Shanxi＇ Piying firstly.Qi Ru-shan＇s viewpoint came from two causes： one was the on-site investigations;the other was comparing Shanxi＇piying and early Beijing opera about these performance style and stage characteristics.Qi Ru-shan＇s viewpoints are not given fair concern till now.