目的 研究团体授课与个体心理干预相结合对临退伍期军人焦虑、抑郁情绪障碍、个性特征、应对方式及社会支持的作用,探讨改善临退伍军人情绪状况的有效干预模式,为降低临退伍军人情绪障碍的发生提供理论依据和实践基础.方法 退伍前半年随机整群抽取南京军区服役期军人3000人,分为研究组和对照组,干预期为6个月.研究组采用团体授课与个体干预相结合,对照组无心理干预.在退伍前半年(服役期)和退伍前两周(临退伍期)对其中确定退伍的军人(研究组416人,对照组396人)采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及自编一般状况调查表分别进行测评.结果 干预前,两组SCL-90抑郁、焦虑因子得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与干预前相比,研究组干预后抑郁、焦虑因子得分降低(P<0.01),对照组抑郁、焦虑因子得分升高(P<0.01);干预后,研究组抑郁、焦虑因子得分明显低于对照组(P<0.01).干预后研究组积极应对得分增高(P<0.01),消极应对得分降低(P<0.01);主观支持、客观支持及支持利用度得分较干预前增高(P<0.01);情绪障碍发生率(0.5%)较干预前(2.4%)降低(P<0.05);干预后,对照组临退伍军人情绪障碍发生率(4.8%)高于干预组(0.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 团体授课与个体干预相结合的心理干预模式,可明显降低临退伍期军人情绪障碍的发生率,且对其应对方式及社会支持有明显的改善作用,值得在临退伍期军人中推广试用.%Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the comprehensive psychological interven-tion with combined centralized teaching and individual consulting on anxiety and depression ,personality , coping style and social support in elder soldiers ,and explore an optimal intervention model for improving the mood of the elder soldiers ,to provide theoretical and practical basis to reduce the occurrence of mood disorders in elder soldiers.Methods Totals of 3000 elder soldiers in the Nanjing Military Region were involved in the present study by using cluster sampling ,and were divided into study group and control group.The study group received centralized teaching and individual interview lasting six months while the control group received no intervention at the meanwhile.Symptoms Checklist-90(SCL -90) ,Sim-plified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) ,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) ,Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and a self -made questionnaire of demographic parameter were carried out at six months and two weeks before termination of service.Results There were no significant differences be-tween study group and control group on the factor scores of depression and anxiety in SCL -90 before in-tervention (P > 0.05).Compared with those scores of depression and anxiety in SCL -90 before inter-vention ,the scores of depression and anxiety of study group were lower with statistical significance (P<0.01) ,but those of control group were significantly higher at the time of two weeks before termination of service (P < 0.01).The factor scores of depression and anxiety in SCL -90 were significantly lower in study group than control group after intervention (P < 0.01).After intervention ,the score of positive coping was significantly higher (P < 0.01) ,and the score of negative coping was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than before intervention.After intervention ,the scores of subjective support ,objective sup-port and availability were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than before the intervention (P < 0.01).A statistically significant fall (2.4% vs 0.5% ) in ratio of depression and anxiety disorders was found in study group after the intervention (P< 0.05) ,and there was a significant difference on the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders between study group (0.5% ) and control group (4.8% ) after interven-tion (P < 0.01).Conclusions Comprehensive psychological intervention ,which consisted of combinedcentralized teaching and individual consulting ,may reduce the incidence of mood disorders in the elder soldiers ,making the coping style and social support of the elder soldiers better.It suggests that the com-prehensive psychological intervention is worth popularizing.
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