晚清幕府的发展及其历史影响

摘要

In Qing Dynasty, the prevailing governor office (or known as “Shogun” in Japan) was popular. After Xian-feng and Tongzhi years of Qing, the rise of Hu’nan, the shogunate powers as well as the population increased greatly, showing the professional division of labor based on the trend of the fine.The late Qing shogun was gradually established, laying the basic trend of the late Qing modernization of administrative organization. It directly influenced the late Qing distribution of power in the central government and local governors and changes in the late Qing Bureaucracy. Ultimately, it resulted in Late Qing alienation of administrative power and provided the impetus for the late Qing Dynasty political, economic, military and educational development.%咸同军兴后，幕府职权和人数大大增加，呈现精细分工基础上的行政化、职业化趋势。晚清幕府形态的逐步确立，直接影响到当时中央政府与地方督抚权力分配以及官制的变化，奠定了晚清行政组织近代化发展的基本走向，成为中国行政组织近代化的先声。晚清幕府的发展实际上是清廷面对内忧外患所做出的权力让渡和调整，最终造成了晚清行政权力的异化。它既为晚清政治、经济、军事、教育发展提供了一定的驱动力，也为清王朝的覆灭埋下了伏笔。它所产生的政治军事利益集团，更是成为军阀混战的源头。