建立中国特色的社区综合养老社会服务体系

摘要

支持老人就地养老是当前老年社会服务的一个核心实践.它不仅能够让老人在熟悉的社区环境里度过晚年,维系对身心健康具有重要意义的社会网络和社会支持,而且与机构照顾相比,能够显著降低社会成本.分析我国当前社区养老服务的有利条件和不利因素,总结梳理国际上的养老服务经验,提出在我国城市和农村建立社区综合养老社会服务体系的框架.这一框架试图将当前参与养老社会服务的多元主体纳入其中,包括社区养老服务、机构养老服务、居家养老服务、家庭(类似家庭或模拟家庭)养老、结伴(老年公寓)养老等方面.最后就政府的宏观战略规划、完善社会服务支持体系和构建良好的养老环境提出了政策建议,以期对社区综合养老服务体系的建立和完善提供必要支持.%Supporting aging in place is now at the core of developing social services for the elderly.It not only enables people to stay in their familiar community environment in old age and maintain social support networks that are important to their health and well-being, but also reduces the social costs associated with institutional care.This article reviews the social context for building a comprehensive social service system for aging in community and reveals the major forces behind it.It analyzes various factors that play different roles in the building of such a system in China, reviews relevant international experiences, and proposes a framework for establishing a comprehensive social service system in China's urban and rural communities.This framework incorporates the multiple social services providers in current practice including community-based old age services, institutional care services, home-based elder care services, family care, senior apartments, etc.Policy recommendations are made with regard to strategic planning at the national government level, improving support systems for social services, and maintaining a sound infrastructure and environment for aging in community.