戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏联共产党组织路线调整的历史镜鉴

摘要

The organizational line featuring democratization, liberalization, and electoral system cham-pioned by Gorbachev is the organizational factor causing the downfall of the Communist Party of the So-viet Union ( CPSU) . During the transformation period of the reform, the Party should adopt a scientifi-cally correct organizational line. Instead of abandoning the majority of the cadres, they ought to make efforts to encourage those cadres to uphold socialism, and rid the organizational work of one-man dicta-torship and extreme democratization, as well as arbitrary decisions and the laissez-faire approach to the selection of cadres. Also, the Party should stick to the democratic centralism, and change the state of inadequate and ineffective cadre supervision through improving the selection process and establishing a comprehensive and effective supervision system. Moreover, it is a must to eliminate the feudal bu-reaucracy and develop a socialist culture of public servant.%戈尔巴乔夫实行以民主化、自由化、选举制为核心的组织路线是苏共败亡的组织因素。在改革的重要转折时期，苏共应当采取科学正确的组织路线，不能全盘否定广大干部，要努力培育坚持社会主义改革的干部队伍，防止组织工作中的个人集权化和极端民主化，防止干部选任中的个人专断和自由放任；要坚持民主集中制原则，改变干部监督缺位、乏力的状况，完善以选举制为核心的选任制度，建立健全全面有效的干部监督制度；要清除封建主义的官僚文化，培育社会主义公仆文化。